Roofing and siding element



INVENTOR. Normanjazfz eigen N. P. HARSHBERGER ROOFING AND SIDING ELEMENT Filed June 12, 1933 ATTORNEY 15524/417275?iff/5,1%

Oct. 12, 1937.

Patented Oct. 1,2, 1937V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ROOFIING AND SIDING ELEIWENT Norman F. Harshberger, Scarsdale, N. Y., as-

signor to Bakelite Building Products Co. 1pc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application .lune 12, 1933, Serial No. 675,153

Claims.

This invention4 relates to improvements in roofing and siding and method of producing the same.

The ordinary type of flexible, composition roofing has been manufactured in various ways to 5 produce figure effects on the surface thereof for the purpose of simulating bricks or the like. In

a rigid element the formation of the necessary lines of demarcation between individual figures presents a dierent problem from that in a fiexible element, and the present invention, therefore, has for one of its objects the provision of a simple method for producing on rigid elements this type of surface elect.

Ordinary wooden shingles are usually tapering l 115 in cross section with a thickened butt edge, and

in order to simulate the ordinary wooden shingle it is therefore desirable to provide an article presenting this same tapered appearance. Furthermore, the thickened butt edge. creates a dis- 20 tinctive shadow effect which adds to the attractiveness of the roof. It is, therefore, another object of this invention to provide a simple method of applying a coating such as hydraulic cement during the manufacture of rigid elements 25`so as to form elements with a thickened lower edge portion.

A further object of the invention is to provide as new articles of manufacture, rigid roofing and siding elements having a surplusage of coating material at the butt edge thereof.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists of the improved roofing and siding and method of producing thesame, and all the parts and combinations thereof as set forth in the claims and all equivalents thereof.

f, In the accompanying drawing, in which the same reference numerals designate the same parts in all of the views:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of one type of element prod/uced by the improved method;

Fig. 21s an enlarged sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional View similar to Fig. 2 showing a modified. form of the invention;

Fig. 4 is 'a perspective view showing a building element of tapering cross section;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a plan view showing another form of building element;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on line l--l of Fig. 6;

f Fig. 8 is a fragmentary plan view 'of still another modication; f

(Cl. lll- 68) Fig. 9 is a'sectional view taken on line 9 9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a broken section of a strip of flexible material having a mineral coating on both sides;

Fig. 1l is a fragmentary portion of an element folded similar to that of Fig. '7 but utilizingfthe strip of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary cross section of another element; and

Fig. 13 is a face view of the element of Fig. 12 With its coating broken away to show Vits under structure. l

Referring more particularly to the, drawing, Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a form of roofing or siding element designed to simulate bricks, and which may comprise a structure having a plurality of tab projections at a lower edge lspaced by transverse slots which extend, for instance, to a line of demarcation l2, and create upon the' element the effect of a plurality of brick-like figures. This element comprises a core lll cut from a moving web of paper, felt or the like made from vegetable fibres, wool, asbestos, or hair, alone, in combination, or with other materials which have preferably` been saturated with a. waterproofing material, for instance, a low melting point asphalt and coated on one or both faces with a bituminous material, for instance, a high melting point asphalt. To the bituminous coating has been applied and partially embedded crushed mineral 'l l, which may be, for instance, crushed brick, gravel, crushed slag, pebbles, crushed slate, coke, crushed glass or granulated petrified materials.

The mineral particles I have found preferable for use in this invention in order to present a surface structurally adapted for the application of my cement coating, have been those of a high porosity, possessive of considerable inherent physical strength, and particularly those of a type whose chemical composition makes themc capable of combining with the cementitious substance tol form a unified mass, as for instance, slags. The slags which I use have a composition similar to cement and react with water in a similar manner to cement, that is, the alumina. and silica minerals of the slag react with water to form hydrated aluminates and silicates. Further, when the cement coating is applied, this type of slag reacts more vigorously with water in the presence of the free lime which may be liberated from the cement'than it will with other materials. I prefer to use slags having ingredients, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and iron oxide of less than sixty per cent (better less than-'fifty per cent) by weight of their composi tion and preferably not less than twenty per cent; and/or slags preferably having between thirty and seventy'per cent of their Weight as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content and/or slags having an aluminum oxide to silicon oxide ratio of no less than one third by weight.

According to the improved method,'the treated core, by hand or automatically by suitable holding ngers which may also be part of a moving system, is lowered in a suitable receptacle containing a suitable coating material. In general I principally use for my coating a hydraulic cement. Those I have found most suitable for my purpose are such distinct types as, for instance,

high alumina cements.(Ciments Fondu) such as Lumnite, ordinary Portland cement, such as Lehigh, Medusa, higl early strength Portland cement, as Incor, white cements, such asFerrocrete, Medusa and White Portland, `magnesium cements, such as magnesium oxychloride land special cements, for instance, ore cements, (Erz Zement).

The coating may be a natural colored cement, a colored cement, a cement mixed with coloring pigments or it may be any of these in combination, or any mixed with an aggregate of other materials, for instance, clay, .diatomaceous earth, marble dust, hairor asbestos fibres.

The core is immersed into the binder with one longitudinal edge entering the material rst and to a. depth slightly less than half of its width, or, on the form shown in Fig. 1 up to the line I2. It is then removed from the coating material, and the latter will be deposited thereon as at I3 to form a relatively heavy surface layer. As soon as the coating material' has set sufficiently so that it will not run, the other longitudinal edge of the element may be immersed in the coating material up to the line I4 tol apply a relatively heavy coating as indicated by the numeral I5.l

When the element is again withdrawn from the coating material, there will be a space between the coatings formed by the two coating operations, which will expose the mineral surfacing of the core, as at I6. Thus a very definite line of demarcation may be formed in a very simple manner. By utilizing crushed mineral II of one color, for instance of mortar, and hydraulic cement of a contrasting color, for instance of burnt brick, a very effective appearance can be produced. A number of these would produce the effect of a brick wall. In this case the coating I5 is preferably omitted.

The element shown in'Fig. 3 diifers from that of Fig. 2 in that the core I 0 is first completely immersed in the hydraulic cement to form the original coating l0. The coatings I3 and I5 are then applied in identical manner to that just described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, so that the depressed lines I6 are lformed to expose the first coating I0. By utilizing cement of one color in the original coating III and cement of another color in the coatings I3 and I5, a distinctive effect can be produced.

To produce the tapered element illustrated in Fig. 4 and designated generally by the numeral I'I, the dipping process is also utilized. In this instance, a suitable core I8 of any of the materials heretofore mentioned, preferably saturated and coated with a bituminous substance such as asphalt and also preferably having a mineral is then withdrawn and the coating I9 of hydraulic cement or the like will completely cover both sides and all o-f the edges of the core. The element is then hung in a position as indicated in Fig. 4 so that the hydraulic cement, before it has set, will tend to iiow by gravity in a downward, direction and accumulate in relatively larger quantities along the lower longitudinal edge of the element. When the cement has completely set, the element will therefore have a relatively'heavy lower longitudinal edge 20, as

create a very distinctive shadow effect in assembly.

Another method of producing a heavy edge portion is illustratedinFigs. 6 and 7. In this form of the invention; the suitably treated fibrous core 2l has a desired edge portion turned under as at 22. The core is then dipped in. a coating material such as hydraulic cement, and due to the enlargement of one edge caused by the turned under portion 22, the coating will naturally have a more massive appearance along said edge, as at 23. It is preferred to form the turned under iiap and the material thereadjacent with apertures '24. The cement coating, before it has set, will naturally flow into these apertures, and thus more firmly anchor itself in place.

As illustrated in Fig. 6, the turned under flap 22 need not extend the full width of the element but may end a distance back from each side edge. When the coating has been applied there will be side edge portions extending the full length of the element of equal thickness but of less thickness than where the flap exists. This is useful in. assembly as it assists in the proper registration and positioning of the elements.

A distinct advantage is obtained in making the folded forms of Fig. 7 if a mineral coated sheet is used. Fig. 10 shows such a strip before it is folded in which there is a heavy mineral surfacing 29 on one side and a ne mineral surfacing 30 on the other. When the strip is folded as in Fig. 11 with the mineral surfacing 29 on the outside it will be noted that the particles are spread open by the folding operation and form larger cavities for the coating material. When the coating is applied, the mineral particles will form an excellent anchorage for the coating and withthe coating material between the particles at the fold a rigid bend will be obtained when the coating has hardened.

Still another method of producing a heavy edge portion is disclosed in Figs. 8 and 9. A suitably treated brous base 25 has its lower edge turned under-in the form of a loop, as at 26, and this looped lower edge portion is preferably provided with spaced apart perforations 21. Next, the core thus formed is dipped in coating material such as hydraulic cement, and due to the looped formation of the core, the lower edge when coated will have a heavy and massive appearance, as at 28. During the dipping operation, the cement will flow through the perforations 21 within the loop to fill up the space therein, and thus a solid lower edge will be provided. The stru e may as illustrated include. a tab-like edge fo ation formed by suitable transverse slots in the\ower edge of the base 25. As shown in Fig. 8, ea h tab of the base may have a fold, for instance, in the form of a loop.

InfFigs. 12 and 1-3 are shown another means of anchoring the coating. In this instancefthe ,core 3 0 has a series of perforations or formed openings arranged over its face. It is preferred that the -indicated in Figs. 4 and 5. This heavy edge will f aoeaeao web be ot" a material containing long bres so that the fibres mayprotect from all faces and in and .aroundv the apertures. Thus when the cement coating is applied there will not only be penetra tion through the holes to serve as an anchorage but also the fibrous edges and individual dbres will grip the coating.

From the above, it mayfbe seen that avery simple method has been provided for use in the manufacture of rigid roofing and siding elements to produce eiiects thereon which render the rooiing or sidingrnore attractive when assembled. Also a great number of advantageous anchoring means are provided for the coating material. These may be used singly or in combination and it isevident that many changes may be made in the details of the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. It is desired that the invention be construed as broadly as the followingv claims taken -in conjunctionwith the prior art, may allow.

li claim: t

1. A roofing and siding element comprising a base ofApliable material, said base having a portion forming a fold, granular material secured to the outer side of said fold around the bend thereof, and a hardened and rigidifying coating comprising hydraulic cement over said granular Inaterial around said bend, whereby to create a rigid bend resisting opening of the fold.

-2. A roofing and siding element comprising a base of pliable material, an edge portion of vsaid base forming a. loop,'granular particles secured to and extending around said loop, and a hardened and rigidifying coating comprising hydraulic ce- -ment over said granular particles Aand extending around the bend of said loop whereby to create a rigid bend resisting opening of the loop.'v

3, it roonng and siding element comprising a base of pliable material, said base surfaced upon its opposite sides with granular particles adapted to anchor a hydraulic cement, a portion of said base folded to form a thickened butt portion, and a hardened and riaidifying coating comprising hydraulic cement extending around the fold and anchored to the granular material on the opposite sides ci the base to create a rigid bend and retain the folded portion in the formed position.

d. t roofing and siding element comprising a base of pliable material, said base surfaced upon its weather side with. coarse mineral material and upon its opposite side with iine mineral material, a portion of said base folded to forni a thickened butt, and a hardened and rigidifying coatingcomprising hydraulic cement on the weather side extending around the bend of the fold and over the ne mineral material-upon the opposite side of the base, whereby to create a rigid bend and to join the coarse and ne mineral material with the cementitious coating.

5. A roong and siding element comprising a base of pliable material, said hase having a pluralityvof tabs along its lower edge separated by intervening cut-outs, said tabs having a folded marginal butt portion, and granular material secured to the weather side thereof and extending `around the bend of the fold, and a hardened and rigidifying coating comprising hydraulic cement over said granular material whereby to create i rigid tabs and bends to resist opening of the folded portions. i V NORMAN P.' HARSI-IBERGER. 

